What is EMD (Earnest Money Deposit) in Government Tenders?
What EMD is
Earnest Money Deposit is a refundable security a bidder submits with their bid to show serious intent.
How much
Usually a small percentage of the estimated tender value, stated in the tender document.
Refund
Refunded to unsuccessful bidders after evaluation, and to the winner once a performance guarantee is furnished.
Forfeiture
Forfeited if a bidder withdraws during validity or the winner fails to sign the contract.
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